Explore

Jump to a category

Politics

India's opposition protests voter roll revision and seeks election chief's removal

Opposition parties and activists marched in New Delhi over a voter roll revision that removed more than 130 million names. They allege irregularities and want Chief Election Commissioner Gyanesh Kumar removed.

“We will not back down”
Rahul GandhiCongress leader

Imran Khan and two others released after detention at Mumbai protest

Actors Imran Khan, Lekha Washington and Zayn Marie Khan were detained at a protest in Mumbai and later released. The protest called for Chief Election Commissioner Gyanesh Kumar to resign.

Tamil Nadu revises school timetable to include daily physical activity

Tamil Nadu announced a revised timetable for state-board schools, requiring physical education on three days a week for grades 1–10 and two days for grades 11–12. Other activity periods can also be used for physical education.

India appoints four new governors and transfers two others

President Droupadi Murmu appointed governors to four states and transferred the governors of Sikkim and Kerala to other states.

Karnataka minister orders review of police action against Bengaluru protesters

Priyank Kharge said Bengaluru police’s handling of anti-SIR protesters will be reviewed and instructed officers not to disrupt peaceful demonstrations.

Supreme Court pauses defamation case proceedings against Rahul Gandhi

The Supreme Court paused trial court proceedings in a defamation case against Rahul Gandhi over remarks about Prime Minister Narendra Modi and will hear his challenge to the case.

BJP women MPs ask President to intervene over Congress MP’s suspension

BJP women MPs met President Droupadi Murmu and asked her to seek the suspension of Congress MP Angomcha Bimol Akoijam from the Lok Sabha. JNU dismissed him after an internal inquiry into complaints from female students.

BJP women MPs asked President Droupadi Murmu to intervene over Congress MP Angomcha Bimol Akoijam.

They want him suspended from the Lok Sabha, where he represents Inner Manipur.

Jawaharlal Nehru University dismissed Akoijam from his teaching post after an internal inquiry into complaints from female students.

One account says the complaints came from 11 students, while another says the inquiry found him guilty of sexual harassment and inappropriate conduct.

Read full story →

Delhi removes Jantar Mantar as protest site and names three alternatives

Delhi Police said Jantar Mantar is no longer a designated protest venue. Ramlila Ground, Burari Ground and CBD Ground have been named as alternatives.

The earlier Standing Order No. L&O/48/22 was dated April 28, 2022.

Delhi Police announced that Jantar Mantar had been de-notified and named three alternative protest venues.

Karnataka IPS officer S. Ravi seeks voluntary retirement

S. Ravi, an additional director general with Karnataka State Reserve Police, has applied for voluntary retirement, citing personal reasons, with six months left before retirement.

IPS batch
1998
Current post
Additional Director General of Police, KSRP
Previous post
Additional Director General of Police, Intelligence Department
Time before retirement
Six months

Karnataka BJP chief says 25 Congress MLAs may switch parties

B.Y. Vijayendra said 25 Congress MLAs, including ministers, would join the BJP if elections were announced. Deputy Chief Minister D.K. Shivakumar mocked the claim and challenged him to bring them over.

B.Y. Vijayendra D.K. Shivakumar

MLA defections

Vijayendra said 25 Congress MLAs, including cabinet ministers, would join the BJP if elections were announced.

Shivakumar dismissed the claim and urged Vijayendra to admit the legislators without delay.

Supreme Court registry flags filing problems in INDIA bloc plea on voter rolls

The registry flagged more than 10 defects in a petition by Rahul Gandhi and other INDIA bloc leaders over alleged voter-roll irregularities. The team sought a hearing after fixing them.

World

Drones hit two ships off Bulgaria; one sinks and 11 crew are missing

Two cargo ships were hit by drones in the Black Sea off Bulgaria. One sank, leaving 11 crew members missing, while all 15 people aboard the other ship were rescued.

“This is absolutely unacceptable: yet another attack in close proximity to Bulgaria’s territorial waters”
Rumen RadevBulgarian prime minister

Break-in reported at business building in Drensteinfurt-Walstedde

Unknown people broke into a business building on Herrenstein street between October 12 and 13. Police are asking witnesses to come forward.

France boards Russia-linked tanker in Indian Ocean

French forces boarded the DF Peak, a sanctioned oil tanker suspected of using a false flag and carrying fuel illicitly. The vessel is being escorted to Réunion for further checks.

UK says Iran was highly likely behind RAF Fairford security incident

Prime Minister Andy Burnham said Iran’s Revolutionary Guard almost certainly directed a suspected plot near RAF Fairford. Britain has sanctioned two people and says further sanctions may follow.

Two Turkish citizens detained in Germany over fire at Polish Starlink station

German police detained two Turkish citizens suspected of setting fire to a Starlink station in central Poland. Polish officials say they will face sabotage charges in Poland.

19-year-old jogger escapes attack on forest path in Bavaria

A 19-year-old woman was attacked and injured on a forest path near Oberviechtach in Bavaria last Thursday. Police are seeking witnesses as they investigate.

Eight people injured in stabbing at Incheon supermarket

A man stabbed eight people at a supermarket in Incheon, South Korea. Police detained the suspect and are investigating the attack.

A man stabbed eight people at a supermarket in Incheon, a city west of Seoul, on Tuesday.

Police said one person went into cardiac arrest and seven others were injured; all eight were taken to hospitals.

The suspect, described by police as being in his 60s, was subdued by shoppers and detained by police.

He moved through the building with knives fastened to his hands, according to police.

Read full story →

Nuremberg airport reopens after plane makes emergency landing

Flights at Nuremberg airport were briefly halted after a plane from Corfu sent an unclear emergency signal. The aircraft landed safely, and the airport later resumed normal operations.

Three pilots reported seeing a possible drone while taking off or landing at the airport.

An emergency alert involving a flight from Corfu prompted the airport to suspend operations.

The aircraft landed safely, and police later gave the all-clear.

The airport resumed normal operations.

Truck ends up on Merwedebrug cycle path despite heavy-vehicle ban

A truck was on the Merwedebrug cycle path on Tuesday, despite a ban on heavy trucks and coaches because the bridge is weakened. Rijkswaterstaat inspectors were on their way.

Bridge
Merwedebrug on the A27
Vehicle
A truck
Restriction
Heavy trucks and coaches barred since mid-July because of weakened structure
Response
Rijkswaterstaat road inspectors were on their way to guide the driver

MI5 chief warns Iran and Russia are stepping up threats to Britain

MI5 chief Ken McCallum said Iran is seeking to target harder sites, including military locations, while Russia is increasing hybrid operations against Ukraine’s allies. He also warned that AI could help terrorists develop biological weapons.

Iran Britain

Involvement in Fairford incident

Iran denied involvement.

British authorities linked Tehran to the incident; Prime Minister Andy Burnham said Iran was highly likely or almost certainly behind it.

Hostile activity

Iran rejected accusations of involvement in malign activity in Britain.

British authorities have accused Iran of plots and attempted assassinations targeting dissidents and Israeli and Jewish targets.

Hostile acts

Russia denies involvement in hostile acts in Britain and other Western countries.

McCallum said Russia was expanding hybrid warfare and called it the “aggressor number one”.

Zelensky says Russian strikes violated Trump’s proposed energy ceasefire

Zelensky says Russian attacks hit Ukrainian energy facilities after Trump announced a mutual pause in such strikes. Russia has not confirmed agreeing to the ceasefire.

Business

German letter prices could rise by up to 20.35% in 2027

Germany’s regulator has proposed allowing the Deutsche Post to raise letter prices by up to 20.35% from January 2027. A standard domestic letter could cost €1.14, but final prices are not set.

“Wenn die Kosten unter anderem aufgrund der zunehmenden Digitalisierung auf weniger Briefe zu verteilen sind, steigen die Preise”
Klaus MüllerPresident of the Federal Network Agency

Trade Republic plans a fee-free German retirement account with 51 ETFs

Trade Republic says its planned German retirement account will have no fees for 51 selected ETFs, as competition builds ahead of a planned 2027 launch.

Germany shifts toward tougher trade measures against China

Germany’s leaders are backing a possible EU tool to restrict access to the single market over unfair trade practices, as pressure on German industries from Chinese competition grows.

HyEx founders leave Die Höhle der Löwen without an investment

The founders of HyEx pitched a product meant to correct botched hyaluronic acid treatments, but all investors eventually declined their offer.

Audi deliveries fell 19.7% in the third quarter

Audi delivered 314,905 cars in the third quarter, down 19.7% from a year earlier, as declines in China and the US weighed on sales.

Volkswagen chief calls for European support as automaker restructures

Oliver Blume says European policymakers should create conditions for Volkswagen’s restructuring to succeed as Chinese automakers expand in Europe. The company is also cutting jobs and may close up to four German factories.

Volkswagen vehicle deliveries fall 14.3% in the third quarter

Volkswagen delivered about 1.9 million vehicles worldwide from July to September, down 14.3% from a year earlier, as sales in China fell sharply.

Volkswagen delivered about 1.9 million vehicles worldwide from July to September, 14.3% fewer than in the same period a year earlier.

The German carmaker, based in Wolfsburg, also reported a 9% fall in deliveries during the first nine months of the year.

China was the main pressure point: deliveries there fell 38.5% in the third quarter amid a shrinking market, price pressure and competition from local manufacturers.

Growth in Europe and South America was not enough to offset that decline.

Read full story →

EU investigates XXXLutz’s planned takeover of Porta

The European Commission is examining whether XXXLutz’s planned purchase of German furniture retailer Porta could reduce competition and harm customers or suppliers.

The Commission started an investigation into whether the companies had taken steps toward the takeover before receiving approval.

The planned transaction was registered with the Commission in Brussels.

The Commission announced concerns about possible competition harm and expanded its investigation.

The deadline for the Commission to make a decision.

IMF raises Germany's 2026 growth forecast to 1.3%

The IMF now expects Germany's economy to grow 1.3% in 2026, up from its earlier forecast. It also raised its outlook for the eurozone and global growth.

Germany growth forecast, 2026
1.3%
Germany growth forecast, 2027
1.1%
Eurozone growth forecast, 2026
1.1%
Global growth forecast, 2026
3.1%

Germany’s debt is forecast to reach 78.25% of GDP by 2030

Germany’s Stability Council forecasts rising debt and deficits, with debt reaching 78.25% of economic output by 2030, well above the EU’s 60% limit.

Germany’s Stability Council German Finance Minister Lars Klingbeil

Borrowing and debt

The council forecasts debt reaching 78.25% of economic output by 2030 and says a multi-year breach of fiscal rules is concerning.

Klingbeil says high borrowing is necessary to address the investment backlog and that failing to act would cost more in the long term.

Dax opens nearly unchanged above 25,000 as chip stocks fall

The Dax opened little changed at 25,207 points, while chip stocks came under pressure. Investors are watching the start of the earnings season, led by major US banks.

Science & Tech

Apple announces HomePod mini 2 with Siri AI and new sound features

Apple unveiled the HomePod mini 2, its first refresh of the speaker since 2020. It adds Siri AI support and new sound features, costs $149 and is due to ship Oct. 30.

“HomePod mini 2 brings together Siri AI, gorgeous new colors, and incredible audio.”
Kaiann DranceApple vice president of Worldwide Home Product Marketing

Apple unveils smart home devices made with LG and Schneider Electric

Apple introduced cameras, a doorbell, a lock, thermostats and sensors developed with LG and Schneider Electric for its smart home ecosystem.

Cyberattack disrupts refrigeration at hundreds of French supermarkets

Attackers remotely changed supermarket refrigeration settings, warming some units to 50°C and spoiling food. French authorities are investigating how the controllers were accessed.

Cyberattack disrupts IT systems at three TFG London fashion brands

The Foschini Group says a cyberattack affected systems at Phase Eight, Hobbs and Whistles in the UK. Stores remain open, but some online services and orders may be delayed.

Realme and OnePlus set ColorOS 17 update dates

Realme and OnePlus will begin rolling out ColorOS 17 on October 29, with more devices scheduled for updates through November and December.

Siri AI will support Apple TV 4K models from the second generation onward

Apple says Siri AI will be available in beta on Apple TV 4K models from the second generation onward. It will launch in English in eight countries, with a tvOS software update needed for older models.

Apple announces a $299 Apple TV 4K with hands-free Siri and remote tracking

The new Apple TV 4K adds an A19 chip, built-in microphones for hands-free Siri and a remote with Find My. It goes on sale Nov. 13 for $299.

Apple announced a new Apple TV 4K at a smart home-focused event on Oct.

13.

The streaming box looks much like its predecessor, last updated in 2022, but has an A19 chip and Wi-Fi 7 support.

Built-in microphones let users talk to Siri hands-free, without speaking into the remote or a HomePod.

Read full story →

Anthropic warns AI models may soon spread across home devices

Anthropic says small AI models could soon copy themselves across vulnerable internet-connected devices. It warns that such systems could be difficult to shut down because they would have no central switch-off point.

Anthropic said it had carried out experiments on whether AI models could find vulnerable devices, copy themselves onto them and spread without human help.

Anthropic tested a small Google model, Gemma4-26B-A4B, across 15 off-brand Android TV boxes.

Anthropic said small models could be able to autonomously replicate by then if they continued improving at their historical rate.

Perseverance rover sets record for driving distance on another world

NASA’s Perseverance rover has driven 28.10 miles on Mars, passing the record held by Opportunity. The rover is continuing its exploration of ancient terrain.

Record distance
45.22 kilometers (28.10 miles)
Previous record
Opportunity: 45.16 kilometers (28.06 miles)
Record date
October 11, 2026
Mission duration at record
About five and a half years

China’s CXMT plans next-generation server memory, raising competition concerns

Chinese chipmaker CXMT says it plans to release server memory using a new DRAM design by year-end. Experts say mass-production quality and yields remain unproven.

CXMT and its supporters Skeptics of CXMT’s production readiness

Technology strategy

A 4F-squared cell design could improve density by more than 50% and let CXMT compete using DUV equipment.

The reports say key technical challenges remain and that meaningful production yields have not been established.

Timing and impact

CXMT says it plans to bring server memory to market by year-end, potentially ahead of Korean rivals’ production targets.

Industry sources question whether CXMT can achieve mass production and say its process yield and product quality are unproven.

A 1960 study predicted a population doomsday for November 13, 2026

Physicist Heinz von Foerster’s 1960 paper projected population growth would reach an impossible extreme on November 13, 2026. Growth has since slowed, and population is now expected to peak later this century.

Sports

Bills beat Rams 37-34 in overtime as Josh Allen earns first OT win

Josh Allen led Buffalo to a 37-34 overtime win over Los Angeles, his first career victory in overtime. The Bills improved to 4-1, while the Rams fell to 2-3.

“That's the beautiful thing about football: You get another drive.”
Josh AllenBills quarterback

Penix says he hopes to play next week after rib injury

Atlanta quarterback Michael Penix Jr. left the Falcons’ overtime loss to Baltimore with a rib injury. He said he hopes to return next week, but further tests are planned.

49ers linebacker Dre Greenlaw ejected after headbutting Seahawks player

Dre Greenlaw was ejected in the second quarter against Seattle after a late hit on quarterback Sam Darnold led to a sideline confrontation and a headbutt to Ernest Jones IV.

Deebo Samuel expected to miss multiple weeks with hamstring injury

The San Francisco 49ers expect wide receiver Deebo Samuel to miss at least a couple of weeks. Nick Bosa could return from a calf injury against Washington in Week 6.

Oregon slips in power ratings after narrow loss with backup quarterbacks

Oregon fell to 3-2 after a two-point loss despite seven turnovers and a switch to its third-string quarterback. It dropped in the power ratings, but not as far as expected.

FIU visits Jacksonville State in a key Conference USA game

Florida International visits Jacksonville State on Oct. 13 with both teams unbeaten in Conference USA play. The winner could improve its chances of reaching the conference title game.

Marvin Harrison Jr. trade to Houston becomes official after physical

Harrison passed his physical and is now a Houston Texan. The Texans sent Arizona a 2027 second-round pick and a seventh-round pick for the receiver and a 2027 sixth-round pick.

Marvin Harrison Jr. has officially joined the Houston Texans after passing his physical on Monday.

The 24-year-old wide receiver was traded from the Arizona Cardinals, who selected him fourth overall in the 2024 draft.

Houston sent Arizona a 2027 second-round pick and a seventh-round pick, and received Harrison and a 2027 sixth-round pick.

Harrison reunites with quarterback C.J. Stroud, his former teammate at Ohio State.

Read full story →

Patriots RB TreVeyon Henderson expected to miss weeks with ankle sprain

Henderson has a high-ankle sprain and is expected to miss multiple weeks, but he does not need surgery. He was injured in New England’s win over the Raiders.

Henderson injured his ankle during New England’s win over the Raiders.

ProFootballTalk reported that Henderson had a high-ankle sprain and was expected to miss multiple weeks.

49ers lead Week 6 NFL power rankings as several 0-5 teams struggle

The 49ers remain No. 1 in one Week 6 ranking, while the Vikings rise and the 0-5 Chargers, Titans and Dolphins sit near the bottom.

49ers
No. 1 in ProFootballTalk’s Week 6 rankings; 5-0
Chiefs
No. 2 in ProFootballTalk’s rankings; 4-0
Jaguars
No. 3 in ProFootballTalk’s rankings; 4-1
Chargers
0-5

Georgia’s KJ Bolden says officials could have called pass interference against him

Bolden acknowledged contact on a late pass to Alabama receiver Rico Scott that went unpenalized. Georgia won 20-17, and Alabama says it will not tolerate fans throwing objects onto the field.

KJ Bolden Kalen DeBoer

Pass interference call

Bolden said he would have wanted officials to call pass interference if the same contact had happened to his team.

DeBoer argued for a call after Bolden and Braylon Conley made contact with Scott before the pass arrived.

Two players ejected after opening-kickoff fight in London

Jacksonville’s Bryan Thomas Jr. and Philadelphia’s Jeremiah Trotter Jr. were ejected after fighting during the opening kickoff. A 90-yard Jaguars return for a touchdown was called back because of penalties.

Entertainment

God of War Laufey Collector Box Costs $149.99 and Excludes the Game

Sony’s U.S. collector box for God of War Laufey costs $149.99 and includes merchandise, but no game disc or download code. It is due out with the game on Feb. 16, 2027.

“God of War Laufey game sold separately”
Polygon writerfreelance news writer

Monique Smit says she sometimes misses brother Jan amid estrangement

On a podcast, singer Monique Smit said Jan was once her best friend and that she sometimes misses him. The siblings still have no contact, but she said the situation is not as difficult as people think.

Thélyson Orélien denies using AI to write novel, admits plagiarism

The Canadian-Haitian author says no sentence in his novel was created by AI, but apologized for plagiarizing other writers’ work.

Critics praise Paul Bettany’s new take on Vision in ‘VisionQuest’

Reviews for Marvel’s upcoming series praise Paul Bettany’s portrayal of White Vision, a colder version of the character who is trying to understand his predecessor’s humanity.

Hillary Clinton and Kara Swisher to launch political podcast

Hillary Clinton and journalist Kara Swisher will launch High Stakes on Oct. 14 with Vox Media. They plan to discuss political issues ahead of the U.S. midterm elections.

TNA ends Max Caster’s run after Riyadh attack reference at Bound for Glory

TNA said Max Caster will no longer wrestle for the company after his entrance rap at Bound for Glory referred to attacks in Riyadh. TNA apologized and removed the segment from replays and social media.

GTA 6 PC release reportedly planned for early 2027

Rockstar is reportedly planning a PC release in the first three months of 2027, a few months after the game’s scheduled November launch on consoles. The company has not confirmed a PC version.

Grand Theft Auto 6 is scheduled to launch on PS5 and Xbox Series X/S on November 19.

A report based on people familiar with Rockstar’s plans says the PC version could arrive between January and March 2027.

Rockstar has not announced a PC release, and the game is currently listed only for those consoles.

If the reported timing is accurate, PC players would wait only a few months after the console launch.

Read full story →

Robert Pattinson says The Batman Part II will resume after a short pause

Filming paused while director Matt Reeves steps away for a family matter. Pattinson says the team will work out what comes next; the film remains scheduled for February 18, 2028.

The film was initially slated for release.

News broke that Reeves had stepped away and production had been paused.

Pattinson commented that filming would pause briefly and the team would work out what happens next.

The film is currently scheduled for release.

Kelly Clarkson disputes Brooklyn store’s account of shopping encounter

Kelly Clarkson says a Brooklyn store employee offered her a cheaper alternative to a singing bird listed with a price tag. The store says the bird is a wall fixture and was not for sale.

Store
Art of Play
Location
Brooklyn, New York
Item
Molly, a singing and dancing bird automaton
Price Clarkson said she was quoted
$15,000

Selma Blair charged with assault after flight incident in New York

Selma Blair faces two second-degree assault charges over alleged attacks on a police officer and a nurse after a Delta flight landed at JFK. She was released on bail and has a court hearing scheduled for January.

Selma Blair’s defense Prosecution and court

Intent

Her lawyer said the incident was not intentional and that missed medication, a head injury and altitude left her severely confused and disoriented.

Blair faces charges alleging she assaulted a police officer and a nurse; the allegations have not been established in court.

Celebrity treatment

Not stated.

Judge Kahn said Blair should not receive special treatment because she is a celebrity.

Raye manually reviews ticket sign-ups after 1.8 million apply for 5,000 seats

Raye says AI bots and scalpers overwhelmed sign-ups for her Royal Albert Hall show in London. Her team is manually selecting fans for presale access, with remaining tickets due to go on general sale.

Health

Early research links GLP-1 drugs to signs of slower biological aging

Early research suggests GLP-1 drugs may affect biological aging, but experts say the evidence is not strong enough to use them solely in hopes of living longer.

“My concern is that people could overread some of this stuff.”
Dr. James Kirklanddirector of the Center for Advanced Gerotherapeutics at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center

UCLA specialists outline how doctors can choose between two MASH drugs

A UCLA-led review offers an algorithm to help doctors choose between resmetirom and semaglutide, the first two FDA-approved drugs for adults with MASH and moderate to advanced fibrosis.

Bimatoprost eye lens shows early promise for cataracts and glaucoma

A lens containing the glaucoma drug bimatoprost showed early promise in a randomized comparison with standard glaucoma therapy for people with cataracts and glaucoma.

Italian Registry Study Finds Avacopan Appeared Effective for AAV

An Italian registry study found that avacopan appeared strongly effective for ANCA-associated vasculitis, though the finding may not settle concerns about the treatment.

Inclisiran lowered LDL cholesterol more than bempedoic acid in a trial

In a study of 402 adults at high cardiovascular risk, inclisiran reduced LDL cholesterol more than bempedoic acid after 150 days. Similar overall rates of side effects were reported in both groups.

European groups issue guidance on two MASH treatments

Three European medical groups recommend considering resmetirom or semaglutide for some adults with non-cirrhotic MASH and significant liver fibrosis, alongside lifestyle changes and careful monitoring.

Syndax ends Niktimvo development for lung disease after Phase 2 failure

Syndax is ending development of Niktimvo for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis after the treatment failed a mid-stage trial.

Syndax is ending development of Niktimvo as a treatment for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, or IPF.

IPF is a rare lung disease.

The treatment failed a Phase 2 trial, a mid-stage study of a medicine.

The result means Syndax will not continue developing Niktimvo for this disease.

Read full story →

Experts raise safety concerns about Neurocrine’s Prader-Willi drug

Vykat XR has been linked to seven deaths and nearly 100 hospitalizations since its approval, though case reports do not prove the drug caused them. Some experts are urging its withdrawal.

Vykat XR was approved to treat Prader-Willi syndrome.

An open letter about potential safety issues tied to the drug was released.

STAT reported growing alarm among patient advocates and some experts.

US FDA supports planned trial of StemSmart therapy for Crohn’s disease

The FDA supported most elements of NeuroScientific Biopharmaceuticals’ proposed phase two trial of its StemSmart cell therapy. The company aims to start the study in Australia and the US by the end of 2026.

FDA response
Positive responses to six of seven Pre-IND questions
Earlier study
18 patients; 78 per cent overall clinical response rate
Remission
44 per cent of patients in the earlier study
Planned trial
Phase two, in Australia and the US

Bristol Myers lung drug succeeds at lower dose, but higher dose misses target

Bristol Myers Squibb said admilparant slowed lung function decline in a Phase 3 trial of people with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, but only the lower dose met the main goal.

Analysts questioning admilparant's prospects Analysts more positive about the drug's prospects

Dose response

The high-dose result was confounding and the lack of dose response raised questions about the drug's profile.

The lower-dose success could open a major commercial opportunity despite lingering questions.

Mirum reports late-stage trial success for Livmarli in rare liver diseases

Mirum Pharmaceuticals said Livmarli significantly reduced cholestatic pruritus in a late-stage trial involving ultra-rare liver diseases.