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Remembering the Punjab Boundary Force and the Shadow of Partition

Remembering the Punjab Boundary Force and the Shadow of Partition
Military Digest | Remembering the Punjab Boundary Force and the shadow of Partition · indianexpress.com

When India and Pakistan became two separate countries in 1947, the land called Punjab was cut in half by a line drawn on a map.

This made many people very scared and angry, and terrible fighting broke out between neighbours.

To try to stop the fighting, leaders created a special group of soldiers called the Punjab Boundary Force.

It was made up of soldiers from both new countries and was led by Major General T W Rees.

The force had to guard a huge area, bigger than Scotland and Wales put together, with nearly 17,000 villages.

But the fighting was too big and too fast for the soldiers to stop.

Some soldiers even fought on the side of their own communities instead of keeping the peace, which made things worse.

After only a few weeks, leaders decided the force had failed, and it was shut down at the end of August 1947.

Then India and Pakistan each took charge of their own side of the boundary with their own soldiers.

The Punjab Boundary Force is remembered as a sad lesson from a very painful time in history.

Key facts

Commander
Major General T W Rees
Established
July 1947, following a Partition Council decision on July 17
Abolished
Midnight, August 31-September 1, 1947
Area of responsibility
12 districts, about 37,500 square miles, 26 towns and nearly 17,000 villages
Advisers
Colonel Ayub Khan (Muslim) and Brigadier Digambar Singh (non-Muslim)
Strength
About 5 infantry brigades plus local units equivalent to roughly two divisions
Key incidents
Baluch Regiment battalion massacre in Sheikhupura; reported killing of over 600 Sikhs in Gurdaspur
Outcome
Disbanded; India and Pakistan each established new military headquarters for their portions of the boundary area

Quotes

Alan Campbell‑Johnson

Press attaché to Lord Mountbatten

“"steady and experienced troops began to feel the tug of communal loyalties deeper even than their military discipline."”
indianexpress.com

Punjab Boundary Force communiqué

Official statement of the Punjab Boundary Force

“"the overall situation in the areas of the Punjab Boundary Force can nowhere be described as satisfactory."”
indianexpress.com

Sources

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