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Sun's Surface Reveals Swirling Vortices in Highest-Resolution Images

Sun's Surface Reveals Swirling Vortices in Highest-Resolution Images
This is a photo of the Sun, and it can answer a big question about our star · wionews.com

Scientists used a very powerful telescope called the Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope, on the island of Maui in Hawaii, to take the clearest pictures ever of the Sun's surface.

In the pictures, they saw tiny swirling patterns, like little whirlpools, in the hot glowing gas that covers the Sun.

The swirls look a bit like the curly patterns in Vincent van Gogh's famous painting 'The Starry Night.'

Scientists call these swirls Kelvin-Helmholtz instability, which happens when two streams of gas slide past each other at different speeds, making wavy patterns just like wind blowing over water.

It is the first time these swirls have ever been seen on a star.

The swirls grab and twist the Sun's magnetic field, like braiding hair, and when the twisted lines snap, they suddenly release a lot of energy.

That energy can cause giant explosions on the Sun, called solar flares and coronal mass ejections.

Those explosions can send energy toward Earth and affect satellites, GPS, power grids and global communications.

Scientists hope this discovery helps solve the mystery of why the Sun's outer atmosphere is so much hotter than its surface.

Key facts

Telescope
Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope, the world's largest solar telescope
Location
Near the summit of Haleakalā volcano, Maui, Hawaii
Discovery
First confirmed detection of Kelvin-Helmholtz instability on the surface of a star
Vortex size
About 12 miles (19 km) to 100 miles (170 km) in diameter
Plasma temperature
About 6,000 Kelvin (~10,000°F / 5,540°C)
Publication
Journal Nature, published Wednesday, August 5
Research team
National Solar Observatory, NSF NCAR High Altitude Observatory, Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research
Potential impact
May explain explosive solar activity and why the Sun's corona is millions of degrees hotter than its surface; solar eruptions can disrupt satellites, GPS, power grids and global communications

Quotes

Dr. Matthias Rempel

Senior Scientist at the High Altitude Observatory

“"It is very exciting to see that the highest-resolution observations of the solar photosphere revealed a new dynamical regime in the form of KH vortices at the edges of magnetic field concentrations. These observations also provide the highest resolution validation of solar magnetohydrodynamic simulations to date, and the agreement in physical details is impressive."”
livemint.com
“The difference from the waves and clouds we know here on Earth is that the two interacting fluids are hot plasma – about 6,000 degrees Kelvin and 10,000 degrees Fahrenheit (5,540 degrees Celsius) – moving within a magnetic field that helps create the conditions for the instability to develop,”
republicworld.com

Sources

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