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India's democratic evolution: 8 decades, 18 Lok Sabha elections
India is the world's biggest democracy, which means more people vote there than anywhere else.
When India became independent, it let every adult citizen vote from the very first election in 1951-52.
Back then, about 17 crore people could vote, and they voted using paper ballots.
Today, almost 98 crore people can vote.
Voting has changed a lot: machines called Electronic Voting Machines were first used in 1982, and paper receipts called VVPAT came along in 2013.
The voting age was lowered from 21 to 18 in 1989, so more young people can vote.
Women now vote almost as much as men.
At first, the Congress party usually won elections, but over time other parties and coalitions took power.
In recent years, the BJP has been the biggest party.
India has held 18 general elections so far.
India's electorate grew from 17.32 crore registered voters in the first 1951-52 election to nearly 98 crore in the 2024 Lok Sabha election.
Turnout rose from 45.67 per cent in 1951-52 to 66.10 per cent in 2024, when 64.64 crore votes were polled.
Voting shifted from paper ballots to Electronic Voting Machines, first used in Kerala in 1982, and VVPAT, introduced in 2013.
The minimum voting age was lowered from 21 to 18 in 1989, and women's turnout reached 65.78 per cent in 2024.
Indian politics moved from Indian National Congress dominance to a BJP-centric era, with Narendra Modi forming a coalition government for a third term in 2024.
- Who
- India's voters, the Election Commission of India, and political parties including the Indian National Congress and the Bharatiya Janata Party
- What
- The evolution of Indian elections from 1951-52 to the 2024 Lok Sabha election, including changes in technology, turnout, voting age, and party politics
- Where
- India
- When
- From the first general election in 1951-52 through the 2024 Lok Sabha election, with the article published around Independence Day 2026
- Why
- To mark Independence Day by tracing India's democratic journey as the world's largest democracy
Key facts
- General elections held
- 18
- First general election
- 1951-52
- Registered electors in 1951
- 17.32 crore
- Registered electors in 2024
- 97.98 crore
- 2024 turnout
- 66.10% (64.64 crore votes polled)
- EVM first used
- 1982, Parur Assembly Constituency, Kerala
- VVPAT first used
- 2013
- Minimum voting age
- Lowered from 21 to 18 in 1989










