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Top Informal Firms Concentrated in Four Indian States

A government survey counted small businesses that are not incorporated companies and do not work in farming.

It found that many of these businesses are concentrated in a relatively small number of districts.

The top 10 districts together represent about one-tenth of all such businesses, workers and economic value.

The top 50 districts represent almost one-third.

West Bengal had some of the districts with the largest numbers of establishments.

North 24 Parganas had the most establishments among the districts mentioned.

Surat also had many establishments and workers.

Mahe created the most value per establishment, even though it had far fewer businesses.

The survey covered January through December 2025.

Key facts

Top 10 district concentration: About one-tenth of total establishments, workers and Gross Value Added in the sector.
Top 50 district concentration: Nearly one-third of establishments, workforce and Gross Value Added.
States represented in top 10: Gujarat, Telangana, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal.
Largest cited district: North 24 Parganas: 16.59 lakh establishments and 21.3 lakh workers.
Surat figures: 8.51 lakh establishments, 17.4 lakh workers and Rs 4.39 lakh Gross Value Added per establishment.
Highest Gross Value Added per establishment: Mahe: Rs 51.47 lakh, from 2,856 establishments and 5,927 workers.
Women’s workforce participation: Women make up at least one-third of the unincorporated-sector workforce in 237 districts.

businesstoday.in · 18 hrs ago