3 weeks ago
'Cheating' male flycatchers change their tune, and females can tell
Imagine if you could tell whether someone was already married just by listening to the way they talk.
Female pied flycatchers, small birds, can do something like that!
A male bird sometimes finds a mate and then moves to another area to try to find a second mate.
Scientists discovered that his song changes when he does this.
His song becomes shorter, and he repeats notes less often.
Female birds seemed to prefer songs from male birds that did not have a mate yet.
When scientists changed the bachelor songs to sound like songs of mated males, females no longer preferred them.
Scientists think shorter songs might help a male hide from his first mate, so she won't chase away the new female.
But the birds are not trying to trick anyone on purpose — their behaviour comes from nature and evolution.
So a bird's song can be a little clue about whether he already has a partner!
Male pied flycatchers sing shorter songs and repeat syllables less often after they mate and move to a second territory.
Female pied flycatchers responded differently in aviary experiments to songs from bachelor males versus mated males.
21 of 29 females visited the nest box near a bachelor male's song more often; the preference disappeared when bachelor songs were altered to resemble mated males' songs.
The mating strategy, known as polyterritoriality, lets a male court a second female several hundred metres from his first nest.
Researchers caution that the 'cheating' label is misleading, since the study does not show that birds consciously try to deceive their first mate.
- Who
- Ethologist Helene Lampe and colleagues studied male and female pied flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca).
- What
- Male pied flycatchers change their songs after mating, producing shorter songs with less syllable repetition, and females can detect the difference.
- Where
- Exact location not stated; wild males were recorded and experiments were conducted in large outdoor aviaries.
- When
- Recently — the study was just published in the journal Ethology; no exact date given in the article.
- Why
- The song change may help males court a second female while reducing the chance their first mate detects them, and it may also relate to territorial signalling between males.
Key facts
- Species
- Pied flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca)
- Mating strategy
- Polyterritoriality
- Song change
- Falls from about 2 seconds to roughly 1.7 seconds; syllables repeated less often
- Males studied
- 17 wild males recorded as bachelors and again after mating
- Female preference
- 21 of 29 females preferred nest boxes near bachelor-male songs
- Published in
- Ethology journal
- Lead researcher
- Ethologist Helene Lampe
- Key caveat
- Preference vanished when bachelor songs were digitally altered to sound mated; no proof of conscious deception






