7 months ago

Economic Survey Highlights Banking Recovery and IBC Success

Economic Survey Highlights Banking Recovery and IBC Success
IBC is not a recovery tool, its goal is to turn companies productive: IBBI chairperson Ravi Mital · financialexpress.com

The Economic Survey 2026 shows that India's banking sector is doing much better.

The recovery rate for bad loans has almost doubled in seven years.

The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC) has helped companies and banks by making sure that money is recovered faster and more efficiently.

The survey also talks about how the microfinance sector has grown but warns that too much focus on growth can sometimes hurt the people who take these loans.

The survey suggests that the IBC needs to work faster to clear the backlog of cases.

It also highlights the success of the Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana, which has opened many bank accounts for people in rural areas.

The survey also mentions the new Securities Markets Code (SMC) which aims to make the stock market more transparent and fair.

Key facts

Recovery Rate
94% of the fair value of resolved businesses
NPA Recovery
Doubled from 13.2% in FY18 to 26.2% in FY25
RRB Consolidation
Reduced from 196 to 28 under One-State-One-RRB policy
MSME Loans
Over Rs 3.2 lakh crore processed via digital CAM in 2025
Microfinance Borrowers
Doubled from 330 lakh in FY14 to 627 lakh in FY25
Jan Dhan Accounts
55.02 crore opened as of March 2025
Financial Inclusion Index
Rise to 67.0 in March 2025 from 64.2 a year earlier
IBC Case Backlog
30,600 cases as of March 2025
PPIRP Cases
Only 14 cases admitted in the past four years

Timeline

  1. 2025: Govt. scraps CCI nod for IBC debt plans.

  2. Then: Revised IBC speeds up bad loan recovery.

  3. In response: Banks' recovery rate soars in 2025.

  4. 2026: Economic Survey hails near-doubling of bad loan recovery.

Quotes

Ravi Mital

Chairperson of Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India (IBBI)

“There’s a considerable improvement in sales, liquidity, market cap, and employee expenses of companies that were resolved under the IBC. If these companies are showing 50% increase in employee expenses, I think the insolvency system has succeeded.”
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“When a company goes into insolvency, we do its enterprise valuation. Based on that fair valuation, we have recovered 94%. IBC cannot be held responsible for deterioration (in asset value) for a period when it was not even involved.”
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Ramalingam Sudhakar

President of National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT)

“IBC acts as a strong deterrent for corporate defaulters. The law works even without constant enforcement due to its strict consequences. Out of around 54,000 cases filed, around 47,000 have already been disposed of. Bank profits have also increased, and RBI considers IBC recoveries as a major factor in financial stability.”
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“With improved infrastructure and continued stakeholder support, even better results could be achieved.”
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Bhushan Kumar Sinha

Whole time member of IBBI

“The Code has evolved through several amendments, demonstrating its dynamic and adaptable nature. New resolution frameworks and exit windows have been introduced to make the system more efficient.”
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Bahram Vakil

Co-founder at AZB & Partners

“For banks, the only dangerous space is unsecured retail loans. We need to work on that. We know that there are infrastructural issues but we should be ready.”
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Antonia Menezes

Senior financial sector specialist at World Bank

“We are seeing an uptick in consumer debt, and the need for a personal insolvency framework is hugely important at the moment.”
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Sources

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