2 weeks ago
Displaced by El Niño, South American Seabirds Flock to Panama
El Niño is a time when part of the ocean gets warmer than usual.
Because the water got warmer, little fish like anchovies and sardines swam far away from where they used to live.
Some seabirds eat those little fish, and when the fish disappeared, the birds had nothing to eat.
So the birds had to fly very far to find food.
Birds that usually live near Peru and Chile flew all the way to Panama, where people spotted big groups of them.
One of these birds, the blue-footed booby, has bright blue feet and is usually not seen so close to Panama City.
Scientists say the birds warned us early that a very strong El Niño was coming.
In Panama, every month since May has been one of the hottest months ever recorded, and there is much less rain than usual.
Scientists worry that when birds cannot find enough food, they may not have as many babies.
If the ocean returns to normal, the birds may disappear from Panama as suddenly as they arrived.
A powerful El Niño warming the eastern Pacific has driven fish such as anchovies and sardines from their traditional feeding grounds, forcing South American seabirds to travel far in search of food.
Seabirds native to the cold, nutrient-rich waters off Peru and Chile are appearing in unusually high numbers in Panama Bay, including blue-footed boobies.
Data from the citizen-science platform eBird show 60 to 400 blue-footed boobies have been observed around Peñón de San José since June, compared with 21 to 200 during the 2014-2016 El Niño and 3 to 62 during the 2023-2024 El Niño.
The United Nations weather agency warned that a strong El Niño was expected to intensify starting in August.
Researchers say these are not migratory birds - they are forced to move by a lack of food - and past El Niño events have disrupted breeding cycles and reduced reproductive success.
- Who
- South American seabirds, including blue-footed boobies, that normally live in the cold waters off Peru and Chile; researchers such as Rosabel Miró of the Audubon Society of Panama and Steven Paton of the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute are tracking the phenomenon.
- What
- Seabirds are appearing far outside their usual range in Panama Bay in unusually high numbers because warming El Niño waters have pushed prey such as anchovies and sardines away from their traditional feeding grounds.
- Where
- Panama Bay and the Gulf of Panama, near Panama City on Panama's Pacific coast.
- When
- Birdwatchers began noticing the unusual visitors in June; sightings continued through the report dated Aug 14.
- Why
- A powerful El Niño is warming the eastern Pacific and deepening the thermocline, reducing marine productivity and forcing non-migratory seabirds to travel in search of food.
Key facts
- Climate event
- Powerful El Niño warming the eastern Pacific
- Unusual visitors
- Seabirds native to Peru and Chile, including blue-footed boobies
- Blue-footed booby sightings since June (eBird)
- 60-400 near Peñón de San José
- Sightings during 2014-2016 El Niño
- 21-200 blue-footed boobies
- Sightings during 2023-2024 El Niño
- 3-62 blue-footed boobies
- UN weather agency forecast
- Strong El Niño expected to intensify starting in August
- Panama temperatures since May
- Every month the hottest or second hottest on record
- Panama Canal watershed
- Rainfall running far below average
Quotes
Rosabel Miró
Director of the Audubon Society of Panama
“The birds were already telling us that we were going to have a very strong El Niño”
theprint.in
“These are not migratory birds”
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Steven Paton
Scientist overseeing weather stations and ocean-monitoring sensors for the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute
“Since May, every month has been either the hottest or second hottest that we have seen for that month”
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