Science & Tech · Science & Environment · 4 hrs ago
Neanderthals Had Flatter, More Robust Heels Than Modern Humans
Researchers at the University of Bologna compared Neanderthal and modern human heels using 3D scans.
They studied fossils from seven Neanderthals and heel samples from 64 modern humans, including hunter-gatherers, farmers and post-industrial people.
Neanderthal heels were shorter, wider and taller than those of modern humans, and their feet had lower arches.
The researchers say this flatter shape may have improved stability on uneven ground and helped Neanderthals carry heavy loads.
Their robust heels also fit with evidence that Neanderthals had strong bodies and high levels of physical activity.
Among modern humans in the study, hunter-gatherers had heels most like Neanderthals, while the researchers also noted that modern lifestyles and footwear affect foot anatomy.
Researchers found that Neanderthals had shorter, wider and taller heels than modern humans.
The study suggests their flatter feet may have helped them stay stable on rough terrain and carry heavy loads.
Researchers from the University of Bologna compared heel scans from seven Neanderthals and 64 modern humans.
Among the modern human samples, hunter-gatherers had heels most similar to those of Neanderthals.
The researchers also said modern lifestyles and footwear affect foot anatomy.
- Who
- Researchers from the University of Bologna studied Neanderthal and modern human heels. Study lead Maria Giovanna Belcastro is a professor at the university.
- What
- A study found that Neanderthals had shorter, wider and taller heels, and flatter feet, than modern humans.
- When
- The article was published on November 5, 2026. The study appeared in the Journal of Human Evolution.
- Where
- The researchers were from the University of Bologna in Italy. The fossils’ locations are not stated.
- Why
- The researchers suggest flatter feet helped Neanderthals maintain stability on uneven terrain and carry heavy loads.
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- Neanderthal sample
- 7 Homo neanderthalensis
- Modern human sample
- 64 Homo sapiens
- Study method
- 3D geometric morphometry, including laser scanning and computer tomography
- Journal
- Journal of Human Evolution
- Research institution
- University of Bologna, Italy
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What people are saying
The robustness of the heel reflects the overall body structure of Neanderthals, which is characterized by a remarkable muscular and bone mass and an extremely intense level of physical activity
These physical characteristics indicate an adaptation aimed at promoting a greater load-bearing capacity on the back of the foot and a high mobility on uneven ground.
The 3D analysis of the fossil heels of our ancient cousins, the Neanderthals, has […] allowed us to highlight both an extraordinary biomechanical adaptation to withstand heavy loads and rough terrains, and the impact of modern life and footwear on our feet