Ultracold Atoms: From Clocks to Quantum Computers

Scientists have learned how to cool atoms to extremely low temperatures, just a few billionths of a degree above absolute zero.

At these temperatures, atoms stop behaving like tiny particles and start acting like waves that overlap and interfere.

This allows quantum mechanics to be visible on a human scale.

Physicists use laser light to slow down atoms, and when atoms become extremely cold, they can merge into a single quantum state called a Bose–Einstein Condensate.

This state of matter has many applications, including the world's best clocks, ultra-sensitive gravity sensors, and quantum technology.

India has a growing presence in this field, with leading research institutions contributing to the global effort.