Archive · 4 Nov 2025
Delhi Sinking Fastest Among Indian Megacities Due to Groundwater Withdrawal
Imagine the ground under a big city is like a sponge.
When people take too much water out from deep under the ground, it's like squeezing the sponge too hard.
This makes the ground sink down, which is called land subsidence.
Delhi is sinking faster than other big cities in India because it's taking out a lot of groundwater.
This sinking can damage buildings.
The study also says that climate change and changes in the rainy season are making the problem worse.
Researchers used satellites to measure how much the ground is sinking and predict that many buildings in Delhi could be at high risk of damage in the future.
They are asking for better ways to track building damage so they can try to prevent problems.
Delhi is experiencing the fastest land subsidence rate among Indian megacities, with a maximum of 51.0 mm per year.
Approximately 2,264 buildings in Delhi are at high risk from land subsidence, affecting an estimated 1.7 million people.
The primary cause of subsidence in Delhi is excessive groundwater withdrawal, leading to the compaction of alluvial deposits.
Climate change, monsoon variability, and weather extremes are identified as factors that can accelerate subsidence rates.
Future projections indicate a significant increase in buildings at high risk of damage in Delhi over the next 30 to 50 years.
- Who
- Researchers from the University of California, Virginia Tech, and the United Nations University
- What
- Delhi is sinking faster than any other Indian megacity due to excessive groundwater withdrawal, leading to a high risk of structural damage to buildings.
- When
- Between 2015 and 2023, with future projections for 30 and 50 years
- Where
- Delhi, India, with comparisons to Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, and Bengaluru
- Why
- Excessive groundwater withdrawal causing compaction of alluvial deposits, exacerbated by monsoon variability and climate change.
- Maximum Subsidence Rate
- 51.0 mm/year in Delhi
- Buildings at High Risk
- 2,264 in Delhi
- Population Exposed to Subsidence
- 1.7 million in Delhi
- Area Affected by Subsidence
- 196.27 km² in Delhi (third largest)
- Primary Driver of Subsidence
- Excessive groundwater withdrawal causing compaction of alluvial deposits
- Study Period
- 2015-2023
- Publication
- Nature journal