Archive · 25 Jul 2025
Peru's Guano Bird Population Faces Crisis from Multiple Threats
Imagine black-and-white birds in Peru that poop a special fertilizer called guano.
These birds are in trouble!
Their numbers have dropped a lot in just a few years.
A sickness, bad weather, and not enough food caused this.
Scientists are worried because other animals like sea lions and penguins are also losing their homes and food.
The birds' poop is important for farmers, but with fewer birds, there's less fertilizer.
Even though there are lots of fish in the ocean, there might not be enough for both the birds and the fishermen.
If things don't get better, some animals could disappear.
Guano bird populations in Peru have declined by over 75% in the last three years.
The decline is attributed to avian flu, the El Nino weather phenomenon, and overfishing of anchoveta.
Scientists warn that sea lions and Humboldt penguins are also at risk.
The guano fertilizer harvest, important for the local farming industry, is being hurt by the bird decline.
Authorities allowed a large anchoveta catch quota despite biologists' concerns about bird food supply.
- Who
- Scientists and local biologists.
- What
- Guano bird populations have declined drastically due to several factors.
- When
- The sharp decline began in 2022 and continued into 2024.
- Where
- Along Peru's central Pacific coast.
- Why
- Due to avian flu, the El Nino weather phenomenon, and overfishing of anchoveta.
Scientists & Environmentalists
Peruvian Agriculture Ministry
Anchoveta Fishing Quota
Scientists & Environmentalists
The anchoveta population should be managed to prioritize the seabirds needs.
Peruvian Agriculture Ministry
Authorities permitted a large anchoveta catch quota for economic reasons, potentially endangering the birds' food source.
- Bird Population Decline
- Over 75% in 3 years
- Original Population (2022)
- 4 million
- Current Population
- Around 500,000
- Affected Species
- Cormorants, boobies, pelicans, sea lions, Humboldt penguins
- Threats
- Avian flu, El Nino, overfishing
- Last Guano Collection
- 2024