Archive · 11 Nov 2025
How to Evaluate Health News Claims
Sometimes when you read health news, it can sound scary or confusing, like rates of sickness are going up all the time.
But experts say we can ask ourselves a few questions before worrying too much.
First, are people really getting sick more often, or has the way we count sickness changed?
For example, sometimes doctors change how they define a sickness, so it looks like more people have it, even if they don't.
Or maybe doctors are just better at finding it now.
Second, we should think about how the news got its information.
Was it from a really good study where people were carefully chosen for different groups, or just an observation?
Good studies help us know if something really causes a sickness.
Third, we should see if other studies agree.
No single study tells the whole story, but when many studies say similar things, we can be more sure.
By asking these questions, you can figure out what health news to trust.
Health news can be confusing due to contradictory scientific findings and public debates.
Three key questions can help evaluate health claims: Is the illness rate truly increasing? What type of study supports the claim? Is there other supporting evidence?
Apparent increases in disease rates can be due to artifactual changes like revised definitions, better detection, or increased awareness.
Randomized controlled trials are the gold standard for proving causation, while observational studies can identify associations but are prone to confounding.
Evaluating the totality of evidence from various study types is crucial for drawing reliable conclusions about health conditions.
- Who
- Professors Kimberly Johnson and Amy Eyler
- What
- Providing a framework for evaluating health news claims
- When
- Weekly in 2025 (referencing current health headlines)
- Where
- Implied to be general media consumption
- Why
- To help people understand health claims, cut through bias, and better understand policy debates.
- Authors
- Kimberly Johnson, Amy Eyler
- Publication
- The Conversation
- Core Questions
- 1. Are people getting this illness more often? 2. What kind of study led to this claim? 3. What other evidence is there?
- Study Types
- Randomized controlled trials, observational studies, laboratory research
- Artifactual Changes
- Changes in definition, detection, or awareness that alter reported rates without a true increase in disease.