Archive · 20 Jul 2026
Extreme Heat in Pregnancy Raises Newborn Risks in India: Study
A new study found that extreme heat during pregnancy can be harmful to babies in India.
The study looked at over 200,000 births and found that each extra hot day during pregnancy slightly increases the risk of problems like low birth weight, early birth, or stillbirth.
The risks depend on when during the pregnancy the heat happens.
For example, heat in the first three months of pregnancy is linked to early births, while heat in the second three months can lead to lower birth weight.
Mothers who are underweight or live in mountainous areas are especially at risk.
The researchers say that as heatwaves become more common, India needs to protect pregnant women, especially those who are poor or less educated.
Extreme heat during pregnancy increases risks of low birth weight, pre-term birth, and stillbirth in India.
Each additional day of extreme heat raises the risk by about 1% after accounting for other factors.
First-trimester heat exposure is linked to higher pre-term birth risk, while second-trimester heat is associated with lower birth weight.
Mothers with a low BMI (below 18.5) face a notably higher risk of low birth weight from heat exposure.
Women in mountainous regions are most affected by prolonged heat extremes, likely due to less acclimatization.
- Who
- Pregnant women in India, particularly those with low BMI and in mountainous regions
- What
- Extreme heat during pregnancy increases risks of low birth weight, pre-term birth, and stillbirth
- When
- The study was published on July 20, 2024, analyzing data from 2015-2020
- Where
- India, with a focus on different climate zones
- Why
- To understand the impact of extreme heat on pregnancy outcomes and inform climate adaptation strategies
- Study Title
- Effect of extreme heat stress on adverse pregnancy outcomes in India
- Journal
- Environmental Research Communications
- Data Source
- India’s National Family Health Survey (NFHS)
- Sample Size
- 2,09,266 births (2015-2020)
- Lead Author
- Vineetha Vincent, University of Queensland
- Co-Author
- Sagnik Dey, IIT-Delhi
- Highest Risk Group
- Mothers with low BMI (below 18.5)
- Most Affected Region
- Mountainous regions