Archive · 24 Sep 2025
RBI Rule on Lending Causing Headaches for Indian Banks
Imagine banks have a rule about how much they can lend to big companies.
The rule says they can't lend too much to one company or a group of companies.
The problem is, even if a bank promises a loan but the company hasn't used the money yet, the bank still has to count it as if it was lent.
This means some banks are reaching the limit and can't lend more, even if companies need it.
Banks want the rule changed, but the RBI says it's important to keep the rules the same.
This is because RBI wants companies to get money from other places, like bonds, not just banks.
RBI's rule limits how much banks can lend to companies and groups of companies.
The rule counts sanctioned but unused loans as exposure, which affects lending.
Several banks are nearing the lending limit to top conglomerates.
The RBI wants companies to use the bond market for funds.
Private investment is slow, and stricter rules could further slow corporate borrowing.
- Who
- Reserve Bank of India (RBI), Indian Banks
- What
- RBI's rule limiting bank lending to companies is causing challenges.
- When
- The rule was last revised in 2019, with current concerns emerging recently.
- Where
- India
- Why
- The rule limits lending to avoid overexposure and pushes corporates toward bond markets.
Bank's Perspective
RBI's Perspective
Loan Calculation
Bank's Perspective
Banks want RBI to calculate exposure based on outstanding loans only.
RBI's Perspective
RBI believes that sanctioned loans represent a commitment, regardless of use.
- Rule Origin
- Revised in 2019
- Single-Company Exposure Limit
- 20% of bank's capital base
- Connected Company Exposure Limit
- 25% of bank's capital base
- Current Bank Loans to Large Companies
- ₹27 trillion (end of July)
- FY25 Bank Loans Share
- 51.3% of corporate funding
- FY24 Bank Loans Share
- 62.9% of corporate funding