Archive · 22 Sep 2026
US-Denmark-Greenland Deal Expands Arctic Security Access
The United States, Denmark and Greenland signed a new agreement about protecting Greenland and the Arctic.
Greenland remains under Danish control, so the agreement does not give the island to the United States.
The deal lets the United States build or use military facilities at Narsarsuaq and Mestersvig.
It also lets the United States expand work at Pituffik Space Base and use Greenland’s airspace more freely.
The agreement allows a US Golden Dome defence system to be established there.
Countries outside NATO cannot set up military facilities in Greenland, and some foreign investments will face restrictions.
If Greenland becomes independent, the agreement says it should remain connected to NATO.
Supporters say the arrangement could make the Arctic safer, while critics worry that it gives Washington too much influence.
The full practical meaning of Trump’s claim of “permanent control” remains uncertain.
The United States, Denmark and Greenland signed an Arctic security agreement in New York on September 22.
The pact permits US bases at Narsarsuaq and Mestersvig and expanded activity at Pituffik Space Base.
The agreement allows US aircraft to fly over and land across Greenland, including its territorial waters.
It restricts non-NATO military installations and certain foreign investments while addressing espionage concerns.
The deal preserves Danish sovereignty but links any future independent Greenland to NATO and leaves Trump’s “permanent control” claim legally unclear.
- Who
- The United States, Denmark and Greenland signed the agreement, with US President Donald Trump, Danish Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen and Greenland Prime Minister Jens-Frederik Nielsen involved.
- What
- A trilateral Arctic security agreement expands US military access, limits certain foreign military and investment activity, and places Greenland’s security within a NATO-centered framework.
- When
- It was signed on September 22 on the sidelines of the United Nations General Assembly.
- Where
- The signing took place in New York; the agreement applies to Greenland and its surrounding airspace and territorial waters.
- Why
- The stated purpose is to address US and allied security concerns in the Arctic and North Atlantic, including potential Russian and Chinese military or strategic influence.
Security and NATO Benefits
Sovereignty and Trust Concerns
Expanded US military presence
Security and NATO Benefits
Supporters say additional bases, expanded access and missile-defence capabilities could strengthen NATO’s northern flank and protect Arctic and North Atlantic routes.
Sovereignty and Trust Concerns
Critics worry that a larger US military footprint could reduce Denmark’s and Greenland’s practical freedom of action and create lasting distrust after Trump’s pressure campaign.
Restrictions on foreign activity
Security and NATO Benefits
Preventing non-NATO military facilities and screening sensitive investment could limit Russian and Chinese influence over Greenland’s infrastructure, minerals and technology.
Sovereignty and Trust Concerns
US approval requirements and limits on outside investment could constrain Greenlandic and Danish control over economic development and foreign policy.
Greenland’s constitutional future
Security and NATO Benefits
The agreement formally preserves Danish sovereignty and Greenland’s right to self-determination while ensuring that any future independent Greenland remains connected to NATO.
Sovereignty and Trust Concerns
Linking independence to NATO and giving Washington a continuing security role could make formal self-determination more difficult to exercise in practice.
- Signing
- The United States, Denmark and Greenland signed the agreement in New York on September 22.
- New US facilities
- The United States is allowed to establish military bases at Narsarsuaq and Mestersvig.
- Existing base
- Washington may modernize and expand activities at Pituffik Space Base, which has roughly 150 US personnel.
- Air and missile defence
- The agreement permits deployment of the US Golden Dome defence system and expanded US aircraft access across Greenland.
- Foreign military restrictions
- Non-NATO states will not be allowed to establish manned or unmanned military installations in Greenland.
- Investment restrictions
- Investors from outside NATO and the European Union will be barred from certain sensitive sectors, and the parties will cooperate against espionage.
- Future independence
- If Greenland becomes independent, Denmark and Greenland are expected to ensure that the new state remains in NATO and honours the defence agreement.
- Legal uncertainty
- The agreement’s full text and its relationship with the 1951 US-Denmark defence framework remain unclear in the reports.