Archive · 12 Nov 2025
Iran Faces Severe Water Crisis, Tehran At Risk of Uninhabitability
Imagine Iran's water pipes are running very low, like a nearly empty juice box.
This is because it hasn't rained much, and the big water containers, called dams, are almost dry.
Tehran, a huge city, has dams that are only holding half the water they usually do, and one is almost completely empty.
Some experts and citizens say this is because for many years, the people in charge didn't manage the water well.
They built too many dams and used too much water for farming.
The government, however, says that climate change and past mistakes are the main reasons.
Because of the low water, taps in some areas are turned off at night, and people might run out of water completely if it doesn't rain soon.
Leaders have even warned that Tehran might not be a safe place to live if the situation doesn't improve.
This is causing worry for families and could lead to protests, especially because people are already struggling with the economy.
Iran is experiencing its worst water crisis in decades, with officials warning Tehran could become uninhabitable if drought continues.
Nationwide, 19 major dams are dry, and major cities like Tehran and Mashhad face critically low water reserves.
Tehran's reservoirs are at half capacity, with one dam at 8% and estimations of running dry within two weeks at current consumption rates.
Decades of mismanagement, including overbuilding dams and inefficient agriculture, are cited by experts as primary causes, alongside drought and climate change.
Nightly water pressure reductions are being applied in Tehran, and rationing is being considered if rainfall does not arrive soon.
- Who
- Iranian officials, including President Masoud Pezeshkian and Tehran's City Council head Mehdi Chamran, water experts, and residents of Tehran and Mashhad.
- What
- Iran is facing its most severe water crisis in decades, with major cities like Tehran and Mashhad experiencing critically low water levels, leading to nightly water pressure reductions and warnings that Tehran could become uninhabitable.
- When
- The crisis is ongoing, exacerbated by a scorching summer and low rainfall. Nightly water pressure reductions are currently being applied. President Pezeshkian warned in July about over-consumption and in November about potential rationing by December if no rain occurs.
- Where
- Across Iran, specifically impacting major cities such as Tehran and Mashhad, as well as other cities and towns. 19 major dams nationwide have run dry.
- Why
- A combination of severe drought, record-low rainfall (40% below average last year), critically low reservoir levels (Tehran's at half capacity, Mashhad's below 3%), and decades of mismanagement, including overbuilding dams, illegal well drilling, and inefficient agricultural practices. Climate change is also cited as intensifying the problem.
Official Explanations
Expert/Critic View
Primary Causes of Water Crisis
Official Explanations
Attributed to past governments' policies, climate change, over-consumption, natural drought cycles, and water leakage from old infrastructure.
Expert/Critic View
Primarily due to decades of mismanagement, including overbuilding of dams, illegal well drilling, and inefficient agricultural practices. Critics argue climate change is used as an excuse to deflect blame from policy failures.
Government Actions and Effectiveness
Official Explanations
Implementing nightly water pressure reductions, considering rationing if no rain by December, and encouraging reduced consumption. Exploring temporary measures like transferring water and calling for prayer for rain.
Expert/Critic View
Measures are seen as 'too little, too late,' with a lack of visible action and unfeasible ideas. Criticism of environmental policies includes unqualified managers and politicization of resource management.
- Tehran Population
- Over 10 million
- Tehran Reservoirs Capacity
- Nearly 500 million cubic meters
- Tehran Current Reservoir Water Level
- Barely 250 million cubic meters (half capacity)
- Amir Kabir Dam Capacity
- 8% capacity (14 million cubic meters)
- Tehran Reservoirs Running Dry Estimate
- Within two weeks at current consumption rates
- Major Dams Dry (Country-wide)
- 19 (approx. 10% of total)
- Mashhad Dams Status
- Below 3% capacity
- Nationwide Rainfall (Last Year)
- 40% below 57-year average
- Tehran Daily Water Consumption
- 70% of residents consume over 130 liters
- Agriculture Water Usage
- Implied high, contributing to depletion