Archive · 14 Nov 2025
ISRO Achieves In-Space Restart of Indigenous Cryogenic Engine
ISRO, India's space agency, has achieved something really cool!
They managed to turn a special rocket engine, called a cryogenic engine, back on while it was already in space.
These engines are super powerful but tricky because they use fuels that have to be kept incredibly cold, like liquid hydrogen at -253°C.
In space, keeping the fuel in the right place for the engine to start again is like trying to pour juice from a floating carton.
ISRO used special little thrusters to push the fuel to the bottom of the tank.
They even used three ignitors, like tiny matches, to make sure it lit up in the vacuum of space.
This success means ISRO can now send rockets that can drop off satellites in different paths, like a bus making multiple stops.
It also helps make space cleaner by allowing used engine parts to be safely brought back down.
This is a big step for India's space adventures!
ISRO successfully restarted its indigenous C25 cryogenic stage in space for the first time during the LVM3 M5/CMOS-03 mission.
Cryogenic engines use liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen, which are difficult to store and handle due to extreme cold temperatures.
Restarting a cryogenic engine in space is challenging due to fuel floating in microgravity, requiring ullage motors for settling.
The successful restart enables ISRO to perform multi-orbit missions and safely de-orbit rocket stages, contributing to space sustainability.
This achievement marks a significant advancement in India's space capabilities, building on over 20 years of experience with cryogenic engines.
- Who
- ISRO (Indian Space Research Organisation)
- What
- Successfully restarted its indigenous C25 cryogenic stage in space.
- When
- Earlier this month (during the LVM3 M5/CMOS-03 mission)
- Where
- In space
- Why
- To demonstrate technological capability for multi-orbit missions and improve space sustainability by enabling safe de-orbiting of rocket stages.
Cryogenic Engines
Hypergolic Engines
Ignition Process
Cryogenic Engines
Require precise control and perfect conditions, and a separate ignitor to work in a vacuum.
Hypergolic Engines
Ignite on contact, making them simpler to restart.
Fuel Handling
Cryogenic Engines
Involve extremely cold liquid hydrogen (-253°C) and liquid oxygen (-183°C), making storage and handling challenging, especially in microgravity where fuel can bubble and form gas.
Hypergolic Engines
Do not require extreme cold for fuel storage and handling.
- Organization
- ISRO
- Technology Demonstrated
- In-space restart of C25 cryogenic stage
- Mission
- LVM3 M5/CMOS-03
- Mission Details
- First successful restart of an indigenous cryogenic stage in space after main mission completion.
- Cryogenic Fuel Components
- Liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen
- Restart Challenges Addressed
- Fuel settling in microgravity, extreme temperature fluctuations, ignitor function in vacuum.
- Future Applications
- Multi-orbit missions, safe de-orbiting of rocket stages.