Archive · 27 Jul 2026
India's Precariat Crisis Fuels Political Extremism
In India, many workers are part of the precariat, a group that faces job insecurity, low wages, and lack of benefits.
This situation has worsened as trade unions have lost power and more jobs have become informal.
The government has made it easier for companies to hire temporary workers and has suspended labor laws, making conditions even harder for workers.
In places like Uttar Pradesh, where jobs are scarce, young people often join political groups or militias for a sense of purpose and power.
This has led to a rise in political extremism and support for strong leaders who promise to fix the problems.
The lack of good jobs and opportunities is causing many young people to feel disaffected and vulnerable to extremist ideologies.
India's precariat faces job insecurity, low wages, and lack of benefits, with trade union power declining significantly since the 1970s.
Economic liberalization and government policies have led to an increase in informal labor and a decrease in labor income share.
In Uttar Pradesh, joblessness and social degradation have fueled the rise of political militias like the Hindu Yuva Vahini.
The number of NEET (Not in Employment, Education, and Training) youths in India has risen dramatically, reaching over 115 million.
The decline in meaningful work opportunities has led to political cynicism and support for strong-armed leadership.
- Who
- Indian workers, particularly those in the informal sector, and political leaders like Yogi Adityanath.
- What
- The decline of organized labor and the rise of the precariat, leading to political cynicism and support for strong-armed leadership.
- When
- The trends have been ongoing since the mid-1970s, with significant changes post-1990s economic liberalization and during the 2020 pandemic.
- Where
- Primarily in India, with a focus on states like Uttar Pradesh and Bihar.
- Why
- Economic liberalization, the decline of trade unions, and the increase in informal labor have led to job insecurity and social degradation, fueling political extremism.
Labor Rights Advocates
Business and Government Interests
Labor Laws and Worker Protections
Labor Rights Advocates
Advocate for stronger labor laws and worker protections to improve working conditions and ensure fair wages.
Business and Government Interests
Argue for more flexible labor laws to boost business competitiveness and economic growth.
Informal Labor and Job Creation
Labor Rights Advocates
Criticize the increase in informal labor and the erosion of job security, calling for policies that promote formal employment.
Business and Government Interests
Support the use of informal labor as a necessary measure to create jobs and stimulate the economy.
- Trade Union Density in India
- 13.4%
- Labor Income Share as % of GDP (2017)
- 49%
- Percentage of Casualised Workers in Formal Sector (2011-12)
- 51%
- NEET (Not in Employment, Education, and Training) in India (2017-18)
- 115 million
- Percentage of NEET Youths in India
- 30-40%
- Hindu Yuva Vahini Membership at Peak
- 1.5 million