Archive · 16 Dec 2025
Caste Determines Prison Labour in India
In India, many prisons are very crowded, with more than 5.7 lakh people living there.
A big problem in these prisons is that people's jobs are given based on their caste.
This means that people from lower castes often have to do very dirty and hard work, like cleaning human waste.
A recent report from the Supreme Court in 2025 says that this is a big issue and needs to change.
The report shows that even though this kind of work is not allowed outside of prisons, it is still happening inside.
This is unfair and hurts people's dignity.
The report suggests that prisons should be changed to stop this from happening.
India's prisons are overcrowded with more than 5.7 lakh people at an average occupancy rate of 131%.
Caste-based discrimination persists in prison labour allocation, with lower castes often assigned manual scavenging tasks.
The Supreme Court's 2025 report highlights the structural injustice of manual scavenging and caste-based labour in prisons.
Prison manuals and language continue to rank work according to inherited social status, perpetuating the issue.
The report calls for reformation and decongestion measures to address these entrenched issues.
- Who
- Prisoners in India, particularly those from lower castes
- What
- Caste-based allocation of labour, including manual scavenging, in Indian prisons
- When
- Ongoing issue, highlighted in a 2025 Supreme Court report
- Where
- Across India's overcrowded prisons
- Why
- Due to entrenched caste discrimination and outdated prison manuals
- Prison Population
- 5.7 lakh
- Average Occupancy Rate
- 131%
- Report Year
- 2025
- Report Title
- Prisons in India: Mapping Prison Manuals and Measures for Reformation and Decongestion
- Issue Highlighted
- Manual scavenging and caste-based labour allocation