How Modi-Era Policies Reshaped India’s Digital Economy

Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s government has spent years moving many Indian services onto computers and mobile phones.

Digital India helped expand online banking, welfare payments and government documents.

UPI made it easier for people to send money using phones.

The government also says more villages now have internet connections and that technology has helped health care and education.

However, some people cannot use these services because of poor internet, expensive devices, power problems or difficulty with digital tools.

Researchers have also raised concerns about fraud and the protection of personal information.

India is building more electronics factories, semiconductor plants and artificial-intelligence data centres.

Supporters see this as economic progress, while critics say the benefits, jobs and local value created may be smaller than official claims suggest.