Archive · 1 Oct 2026
Gandhi, Ambedkar and India’s Unresolved Right to Vote
Mahatma Gandhi believed every adult should be able to vote, whether rich or poor.
He said people should not lose voting rights because they cannot read or because they have little money.
Years later, Dr. B R Ambedkar and others suggested making voting a fundamental right in India’s Constitution.
That proposal was not accepted.
Instead, India gave eligible adults the right to vote through universal adult suffrage.
Today, voting is protected by law but is not listed as a fundamental right.
A review of voter lists has raised concerns because many names have reportedly been removed.
Some leaders want stronger protection so eligible voters cannot be removed unfairly.
Others say managing such a large electorate and preventing fraudulent voting can be difficult.
Mahatma Gandhi argued in 1931 that poverty, illiteracy, or social status should not prevent people from voting.
B R Ambedkar and other leaders proposed making voting a fundamental right during Constitution-making in 1947, but the proposal was rejected.
India instead adopted universal adult suffrage, while voting remains legally a statutory right and constitutionally protected entitlement.
The Election Commission’s Special Intensive Review of voter lists has intensified concerns over large-scale deletions and possible voter exclusion.
Supporters want stronger constitutional protection, while experts warn that administering elections for India’s huge electorate creates practical challenges.
- Who
- Mahatma Gandhi, B R Ambedkar, constitutional experts, political leaders, and the Election Commission of India are central to the debate.
- What
- The debate concerns whether voting should become a fundamental right and how to protect eligible citizens from removal from voter lists.
- When
- Gandhi wrote about universal voting in Young India on October 8, 1931; the Constituent Assembly debated the issue in April 1947, and it has resurfaced during the current SIR process.
- Where
- The debate concerns India and its voter lists, with the constitutional discussion taking place during the framing of India’s Constitution.
- Why
- Supporters seek stronger safeguards against voter suppression and arbitrary disqualification, while critics cite the size of India’s electorate and election-administration challenges.
Supporters of Fundamental Voting Rights
Those Citing Administrative Concerns
Legal status of voting
Supporters of Fundamental Voting Rights
Supporters argue that voting is the core democratic right and should receive fundamental-right protection and stronger judicial review.
Those Citing Administrative Concerns
Constitutional experts cited in the report say the Supreme Court has treated voting as a statutory right, although it remains fundamental to democracy and constitutionally protected.
Voter-list deletions
Supporters of Fundamental Voting Rights
Jairam Ramesh and others argue that stronger protection is needed against voter suppression and arbitrary disqualifications during the SIR process.
Those Citing Administrative Concerns
PDT Achary said ensuring that all eligible citizens can vote has become difficult amid the complications created by the SIR and voter-list administration.
Practical administration
Supporters of Fundamental Voting Rights
Gandhi argued that poor and less-literate citizens should not be excluded merely because registering everyone is difficult.
Those Citing Administrative Concerns
K F Wilfred said India’s enormous electorate creates challenges, including managing voter lists and preventing one person from voting in another’s name.
- Gandhi’s position
- Voting should not depend on wealth, literacy, or social status.
- Constituent Assembly debate
- Ambedkar and other leaders supported making voting a fundamental right in April 1947, but the proposal was rejected.
- Current legal position
- Voting is described as a statutory right and a constitutional entitlement under Article 326.
- Election review
- The Election Commission’s Special Intensive Review has led to concerns about large-scale voter-list deletions.
- Universal adult suffrage
- Every eligible adult may vote without discrimination based on race, gender, religion, wealth, or social status.
- Gandhi’s proposed solution
- People who wanted to vote could be included, helping keep voter lists manageable.
- Political demand
- Jairam Ramesh argued that voting should be elevated to a fundamental right with stronger judicial protection.
