Modi's Flagship Schemes Expand Access, But Gaps Persist

Narendra Modi’s governments started or expanded 10 large programmes over the past decade.

These programmes tried to help people obtain bank accounts, toilets, homes, healthcare, clean cooking fuel, farm support and tap water.

They also promoted digital payments and manufacturing in India.

Many millions of people received new connections, benefits or services.

For example, UPI payments grew very quickly, and many households received LPG connections.

However, receiving a connection or building something does not always mean that people can use it regularly.

Some families still cannot afford LPG refills, some toilets are not used, and some tap connections may not provide steady water.

The programmes have made important changes, but their success also depends on quality, affordability and reliable delivery.

The article presents both the reported achievements and the remaining problems.