Archive · 1 Aug 2025
IIT Study: Ganga's Summer Flow Relies on Groundwater, Not Glaciers
A new study by IIT-Roorkee scientists says the Ganga River gets most of its water in the summer from underground water, not melting glaciers.
This is different from what people previously thought.
The study found that groundwater is very important for keeping the river flowing, especially in the middle part.
They also learned that a lot of the river's water disappears because it evaporates in the heat.
The scientists suggest that to help the Ganga, we need to take care of the groundwater and make sure the river has enough water.
IIT-Roorkee study reveals the Ganga is primarily sustained by groundwater discharge in summer.
The study challenges the long-held belief that glacial melt sustains the river.
Groundwater boosts the river's volume by nearly 120% along the middle stretch.
Evaporation causes over 58% water loss in summer, an overlooked factor.
Findings support sustainable river rejuvenation strategies, focusing on aquifer protection.
- Who
- IIT-Roorkee researchers conducted the study.
- What
- A study on the Ganga River's water source during summer.
- When
- The study was published in the journal Hydrological Processes and conducted in the summer months.
- Where
- The study focused on the Ganga River, from its Himalayan origins to the deltaic end, up to Patna in Bihar.
- Why
- To understand the primary source of water sustaining the Ganga during the summer months and to inform river rejuvenation strategies.
Previous Assumptions
IIT Study Findings
Primary Water Source
Previous Assumptions
Ganga's flow is primarily sustained by glacial melt during summer.
IIT Study Findings
Ganga's summer flow is primarily sustained by groundwater discharge.
Groundwater Status
Previous Assumptions
Groundwater depletion is a major threat to the Ganga.
IIT Study Findings
Groundwater is the 'hidden lifeline' of the Ganga, with stable levels.
- Study Institution
- IIT-Roorkee
- Main Finding
- Ganga sustained by groundwater discharge in summer
- Water Source Boost
- Groundwater increases river volume by 120%
- Water Loss
- Over 58% lost to evaporation
- Glacial Melt Role
- Negligible beyond the Himalayan foothills