Archive · 9 Jun 2025
India's Coal Power Boom Exacerbates Water Crisis
India is building many new coal power plants to generate electricity.
However, these plants use a lot of water, and many are in dry areas.
This leads to water shortages for local people, like in Solapur, where residents struggle for water because of the plants.
Coal plants need water to cool down, and when there's not enough, they sometimes have to shut down, which means less electricity.
Experts suggest better ways to cool the plants and use less water, or even use solar or wind power.
Building new plants should balance energy needs with water safety.
Many new coal power plants are being built in water-stressed areas in India.
37 out of 44 new coal projects are in water-scarce regions.
Coal plants require significant water for cooling and electricity generation.
India lost 60 billion units of electricity due to water shortages in coal plants since 2014.
Local residents in areas like Solapur and Jharkhand face water scarcity and related issues.
- Who
- Indian government, power plant operators, local residents in areas like Solapur and Jharkhand.
- What
- India's new coal-fired power plants are worsening water scarcity in several regions.
- When
- Since 2014, as India expanded its coal-fired power capacity.
- Where
- Water-stressed regions of India, including Solapur, Chandrapur, and mining areas in Jharkhand.
- Why
- Coal plants consume vast amounts of water for cooling, and many are being built in water-stressed areas, leading to shortages for local communities and operational shutdowns.
Local Residents
Power Plant Operators/Government
Water Access
Local Residents
Local residents face severe water scarcity and reduced access due to power plant operations.
Power Plant Operators/Government
N/A
Energy vs. Water
Local Residents
India needs electricity but not at the cost of water scarcity.
Power Plant Operators/Government
N/A
- Water Consumption of Coal Plants
- 4.6 billion cubic meters/year
- Electricity Lost Since 2014
- 60 billion units
- Location of New Projects
- Water-scarce or stressed regions
- Use of Dry Cooling Systems
- 2% of coal plants
- Use of Treated Wastewater
- 5-8% of coal plants