Archive · 6 Nov 2025
Low-Carbon Transition for Nine Emerging Economies Costs 0.6% of GDP: Study
Imagine a group of nine big countries that are still growing, like China and India.
They want to stop using fuels that pollute the air and make the planet warmer.
This report says that to do this by the year 2030, they need to spend about 2.2 trillion dollars in total.
That sounds like a lot, but it's only a tiny part of their total money, just 0.6% of what they earn each year.
They need to spend money to make their factories cleaner, especially for making steel and cement, which are the hardest to make without pollution.
They also need to build places to charge electric cars.
The good news is that making clean energy from the sun and wind is getting cheaper, so that part doesn't cost as much.
The report suggests that if other countries and big banks help them with money and better deals, it's possible for these countries to make this change without it being too expensive.
The challenge is not just the money, but making sure these countries can handle all the new money coming in without causing problems.
Nine G20 Emerging Market Economies (EMEs) require approximately USD 2.2 trillion by 2030 for a low-carbon transition, averaging 0.6% of their GDP.
The annual investment needed from 2022-2030 is an estimated USD 255 billion to decarbonize power, transport, steel, and cement sectors.
Steel and cement sectors represent the largest funding needs at USD 1.2 trillion and USD 453 billion respectively, due to difficulties in reducing emissions.
Road transport requires USD 459 billion, primarily for electric vehicle charging infrastructure, while the power sector needs USD 149 billion due to falling renewable energy costs.
The study argues the transition is economically feasible with international cooperation and cheaper financing, despite potential challenges in managing capital inflows.
- Who
- Nine G20 Emerging Market Economies (Argentina, Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Russia, South Africa, and Türkiye)
- What
- A study on the climate finance needed for these economies to transition to a low-carbon future by 2030, assessing the costs across key sectors and the feasibility of such a transition.
- When
- Between 2022 and 2030
- Where
- Nine G20 Emerging Market Economies
- Why
- To transition to a low-carbon future and mitigate climate change, challenging the perception of unaffordable costs.
- Total Climate Finance Needed (2022-2030)
- ~USD 2.2 trillion
- Average Annual Investment Needed (2022-2030)
- ~USD 255 billion
- Average GDP Share of Investment
- 0.6%
- Sectors Covered
- Power, transport, steel, and cement
- Sector with Highest Funding Needs
- Steel (USD 1.2 trillion)
- Sector with Lowest Funding Needs
- Power (USD 149 billion)
- Road Transport Infrastructure Needs
- USD 459 billion
- CO2 Emissions Prevented by 2030 (Power, Steel, Cement)
- 33 billion tonnes