Archive · 28 Oct 2025
Centre to Boost Municipal Bonds as Collateral to Improve ULB Finances
Imagine cities need money to fix roads, manage trash, and keep things running smoothly.
Right now, they mostly get money from the central and state governments, but this isn't enough.
The government is thinking about making special city bonds, called municipal bonds, more attractive to banks and other big money groups.
This is like making a popular toy easier for stores to buy, so more of them will stock it.
If more people want to buy these bonds, it means cities can sell them more easily to get the money they need.
This could help cities pay for important projects without always asking the government for help.
However, only the cities that are doing well financially can easily sell these bonds, while others struggle because they don't have enough money or have too many debts.
The government hopes this change will make it easier for more cities to get the funds needed for improvements.
The Centre is considering making municipal bonds eligible collateral in repo and reverse repo transactions to increase demand and liquidity.
Municipal bodies require funds for general services, infrastructure upgrades, and green finance initiatives.
The share of own tax revenue in municipalities' finances has decreased, while reliance on central and state transfers has increased.
Despite recent spurts, municipal bond issuances have been historically low, with SEBI making regulatory tweaks to improve their attractiveness.
Municipal bonds currently benefit financially stable ULBs, but many smaller and less financially sound bodies are unable to access this market.
- Who
- The Centre (Indian Government) and municipal corporations/urban local bodies (ULBs)
- What
- Considering making municipal bonds eligible as collateral in repo and reverse repo transactions to boost their liquidity and demand, and to help municipalities raise funds for services and infrastructure.
- When
- Recently, with mention of a Reserve Bank of India report from November 2024, and activity in FY26.
- Where
- India, focusing on urban local bodies and municipalities.
- Why
- To improve liquidity and demand for municipal bonds, enable municipalities to raise funds independently, reduce reliance on government transfers, and finance general services and infrastructure development.
Arguments for Increased Municipal Bond Usage
Challenges and Limitations of Municipal Bonds
Market Access and Liquidity
Arguments for Increased Municipal Bond Usage
Making municipal bonds eligible as collateral in repo and reverse repo transactions will increase demand from financial institutions, improve secondary market liquidity, and boost investor confidence.
Challenges and Limitations of Municipal Bonds
While bonds help financially stable and better-rated ULBs, they are out of reach for most others due to small balance sheets and perennial deficits.
Reliance on External Funding
Arguments for Increased Municipal Bond Usage
Tapping into market borrowings through municipal bonds will reduce municipalities' growing reliance on transfers from central and state governments.
Challenges and Limitations of Municipal Bonds
The RBI report suggests that many ULBs have seen their own tax revenue share fall, increasing dependency on transfers, with northern and eastern states performing below the average.
Current Issuance and Potential
Arguments for Increased Municipal Bond Usage
Recent issuances show a spurt, with several municipalities raising funds, indicating a growing interest in this financing route for public investments.
Challenges and Limitations of Municipal Bonds
Despite recent activity, ULBs have raised less than ₹5,000 crore through municipal bonds since 1995, and current issuances are often spurred by central government incentives.
- Municipal Bond Issuance (Since 1995)
- Less than ₹5,000 crore
- Municipal Bond Issuance (Since 2017)
- ₹3,359 crore
- Central Government Incentive for Muni Bonds
- ₹13 crore for every ₹100 crore issued
- Share of Own Tax Revenue in Municipalities' Total Revenues (FY24)
- 30%
- Share of Transfers in Municipalities' Total Revenues (FY24)
- 38%
- Reduced Face Value of Municipal Bonds
- ₹10,000 from ₹1 lakh