Archive · 10 Nov 2025
RBI 'Sensitive Sector' Norms May Hinder Bank M&A Financing
Imagine banks are like grown-ups who have a piggy bank for saving money.
The government has rules about how much money banks can put into certain types of 'risky' savings jars, like those for buying stocks or property – these are called 'sensitive sectors.'
Currently, banks can only put a small amount (5%) of their saved money into these jars each year.
But now, banks want to help big companies buy other companies (this is called M&A financing), which needs a lot of money.
Bankers are saying that the small limit for 'sensitive sector' jars isn't enough for this big new job.
They want the government to think about changing the rules so they can use a bit more money from their piggy banks for this M&A helping-hand, or the deals might be too expensive to do.
The RBI categorizes capital markets, real estate, and commodities as 'sensitive sectors' due to inherent risks.
Banks currently have an exposure ceiling of five percent of total deposits to these sensitive sectors annually.
Bankers argue this ceiling is a significant hurdle for financing Mergers and Acquisitions (M&A).
Bank exposure to sensitive sectors reached Rs 46.62 trillion in FY24, a 34.1% increase from FY23.
The Indian Banks' Association plans to discuss these concerns with the RBI to potentially revise the norms.
- Who
- Senior bankers in India, Reserve Bank of India (RBI), Indian Banks' Association
- What
- A potential need to rethink RBI's 'sensitive sector' exposure norms to facilitate bank financing for Mergers and Acquisitions (M&A).
- When
- Following the RBI's Report on Trend and Progress of Banking in India 2023-24 and concerning current M&A financing needs.
- Where
- India
- Why
- The current five percent exposure limit to sensitive sectors is considered insufficient for the substantial financing required for M&A deals, potentially hindering deal-making.
Current RBI Norms for Sensitive Sectors
Industry's View on M&A Financing Needs
Exposure Limits
Current RBI Norms for Sensitive Sectors
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) defines capital markets, real estate, and commodities as 'sensitive sectors' due to asset price fluctuation risks.
Industry's View on M&A Financing Needs
Senior bankers believe the current five percent of total deposits ceiling for exposure to sensitive sectors is a hurdle for the substantial financing needed for M&A deals.
Capital Markets Sub-segment
Current RBI Norms for Sensitive Sectors
In FY24, banks' exposure to capital markets was Rs 2.43 trillion, or 1.4% of loans and advances, a 31.3% increase from FY23.
Industry's View on M&A Financing Needs
Even increasing the sub-segment for capital markets within sensitive sectors is considered potentially inadequate to meet M&A financing demands, according to bankers.
Regulation Focus
Current RBI Norms for Sensitive Sectors
The RBI's draft on commercial banks' capital market exposure (CME) focuses on an aggregate CME limit not exceeding 40% of a bank's Tier-1 capital.
Industry's View on M&A Financing Needs
Bankers suggest that the substantial exposures required for M&A financing necessitate a potential rethink of the broader sensitive sector exposure norms, not just CME.
- Sensitive Sectors Defined by RBI
- Capital markets, real estate, and commodities
- Annual Exposure Ceiling to Sensitive Sectors
- 5% of total deposits at the end of the previous financial year
- Total Bank Exposure to Sensitive Sectors (FY24)
- Rs 46.62 trillion (34.1% increase over FY23)
- Exposure to Capital Markets (FY24)
- Rs 2.43 trillion (1.4% of loans and advances, 31.3% increase over FY23)
- Proposed Bank M&A Financing Hurdle
- Current sensitive sector exposure limits
- Discussion Forum
- Indian Banks' Association to take up issues with RBI
- Draft CME Limit
- Aggregate CME not to exceed 40% of Tier-1 capital (solo basis)