Archive · 5 Nov 2025
Astronomers Detect Largest, Most Distant Black Hole Flare Ever
Imagine a giant vacuum cleaner in space, called a black hole.
This black hole is super, super big, like 500 million of our suns put together!
Sometimes, a star gets too close and the black hole starts to eat it.
When this happened with a really big star, it created a huge, bright flash of light, like a giant cosmic burp.
This flash is the biggest and farthest away we've ever seen.
Scientists watched it because it's so far away, the light took 10 billion years to reach us.
The light also took a long time to get here because space itself is stretching, making everything seem slower, like a movie playing in slow motion.
This event is so special because it happened in a busy area of space where black holes usually hide their eating habits.
Studying this flash helps scientists understand how these giant space vacuum cleaners work.
Astronomers have detected the largest and most distant black hole flare ever recorded.
The flare originates from a supermassive black hole 10 billion light-years away, consuming a star 30 times the sun's mass.
This tidal disruption event (TDE) intensified by 40 times and released energy equivalent to 10 trillion suns.
The extreme brightness is attributed to the black hole's mass (500 million suns) and cosmological time dilation slowing the observation.
The findings, published in Nature Astronomy, suggest such events may be common but previously undetected.
- Who
- Astronomers from Caltech, using data from the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) and Keck Observatory
- What
- Identified the largest and most distant black hole flare ever observed, caused by a supermassive black hole consuming a star.
- When
- The flare intensified over several months, with findings released on Tuesday, November 4.
- Where
- At the Active Galactic Nucleus (AGN) J2245+3743, located 10 billion light-years from Earth.
- Why
- The supermassive black hole consumed a star that ventured too close, creating a tidal disruption event (TDE) with unprecedented energy output.
Explanation for the flare
Alternative explanations
Nature of the event
Explanation for the flare
The flare is a tidal disruption event (TDE) caused by a supermassive black hole consuming a star 500 million times its mass.
Alternative explanations
The flare is not a supernova, but its extreme brightness is linked to a very massive star being devoured.
- Event Type
- Tidal Disruption Event (TDE) from Supermassive Black Hole
- Black Hole Mass
- 500 million times the mass of the sun
- Star Mass
- Initially 30 times the mass of the sun
- Distance
- 10 billion light-years
- Flare Brightness Increase
- 40 times over several months
- Peak Brightness
- 30 times brighter than any previous black hole flare
- Energy Release
- Equivalent to 10 trillion suns