Archive · 28 Dec 2025
Famine Relief to Job Guarantee: Historical Evolution
A long time ago, Indian rulers found a way to help people during famines by giving them jobs instead of just giving them food.
One famous example is the building of the Bara Imambara in Lucknow, where workers were employed to build a big structure during a famine.
Later, in the 1960s, a man named Vitthal Sakharam Page started a scheme in Maharashtra called the Employment Guarantee Scheme (EGS).
This scheme gave people jobs like digging wells and building tanks to help them earn money and survive during tough times.
The idea was so successful that it became a national law in 2005 called MGNREGS.
Now, there is a debate about replacing MGNREGS with a new law called the VB-G RAM G Act.
Public works as famine relief date back to the 1780s with the construction of the Bara Imambara in Lucknow.
Vitthal Sakharam Page initiated the Employment Guarantee Scheme (EGS) in Maharashtra in 1969 to provide employment during droughts.
EGS was successful in reducing distress migration and creating local assets, leading to the national MGNREGS in 2005.
The scheme faced resistance from the central government and landed interests but was supported by local leaders and economists.
Current debates involve replacing MGNREGS with the VB-G RAM G Act, highlighting the historical significance of employment guarantee schemes.
- Who
- Vitthal Sakharam Page, Indian rulers, Maharashtra government, Central government
- What
- Implementation of public works as famine relief and later as employment guarantee schemes
- When
- 1780s (Bara Imambara), 1960s (EGS), 2005 (MGNREGS), 2024 (VB-G RAM G Act debate)
- Where
- India, particularly Maharashtra
- Why
- To provide employment and alleviate distress during droughts and famines
- Primary Category
- GOVERNMENT
- Secondary Category
- Public Works
- Tertiary Category
- Employment Schemes
- Quaternary Category
- Famine Relief
- Key Figure
- Vitthal Sakharam Page
- Initial Scheme
- Employment Guarantee Scheme (EGS)
- National Scheme
- MGNREGS
- Current Debate
- VB-G RAM G Act