Archive · 7 Nov 2025
Kerala Battles Largest Ever Outbreak of Brain-Eating Amoeba
Imagine a tiny, single-celled creature, like a very simple germ, called Naegleria fowleri.
It loves warm, fresh water like lakes and ponds.
If this germ gets up your nose when you're swimming or splashing in the water, it can travel to your brain.
Once in the brain, it causes a very serious illness called PAM, which is like a brain fever.
It can make people very sick with symptoms like fever, a stiff neck, and confusion.
Sadly, it's very hard to treat and often leads to death.
Doctors in Kerala are working hard to find cases early and treat them quickly with special medicines to give people a better chance to get better.
They are also telling people to be careful when swimming and to avoid jumping into warm, still water.
Kerala is experiencing its largest-ever outbreak of Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM), caused by the brain-eating amoeba Naegleria fowleri.
As of the article's reporting, 160 cases and 36 deaths have occurred in Kerala during the 2024-25 period.
PAM occurs when the amoeba enters the nasal cavity from contaminated freshwater, traveling to the brain and causing severe inflammation.
Symptoms include fever, nausea, vomiting, neck stiffness, disorientation, and loss of consciousness, with a high fatality rate.
Public health efforts in Kerala include awareness campaigns, water chlorination, and early diagnosis through advanced testing and specific medications like Miltefosine.
- Who
- Individuals exposed to contaminated freshwater, particularly in Kerala.
- What
- The largest-ever outbreak of Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM), caused by the brain-eating amoeba Naegleria fowleri.
- When
- During 2024-25, with a total of 160 cases and 36 deaths reported in Kerala.
- Where
- Primarily in Kerala, India, with specific hotspots in Kollam and Thiruvananthapuram districts.
- Why
- Naegleria fowleri thrives in warm freshwater bodies, and infection occurs when contaminated water enters the nasal cavity, leading to severe brain inflammation.
- Infection Name
- Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM)
- Causative Agent
- Naegleria fowleri (brain-eating amoeba)
- Reported Cases in Kerala (2024-25)
- 160 cases, 36 deaths (as of the article's reporting)
- Worst Affected Districts
- Kollam and Thiruvananthapuram
- Transmission Route
- Contaminated freshwater entering the nasal cavity, not by drinking
- Key Symptoms
- Fever, nausea, vomiting, neck stiffness, disorientation, loss of consciousness
- Treatment
- Early diagnosis, advanced tests (Rapid PCR), drugs like Miltefosine