Archive · 4 Nov 2025
India Overhauls Inflation Measurement, Focusing on Housing Costs
Imagine you want to know how much more expensive it is for people to live in India.
A big part of that is how much rent people pay.
Right now, India doesn't measure rent costs very well, especially in smaller towns and villages.
The government is changing how they do this.
They will start asking about rent much more often, every month instead of only twice a year.
They will also ask people in villages, not just in big cities.
They will also stop counting houses that companies or the government give to their workers, because those rents aren't always what people actually pay in the real market.
This new way of counting will give a clearer picture of how much housing really costs.
This is important because if housing costs go up a lot, it means prices for everything might be going up faster than we thought.
This helps the government and the country's bank make better decisions about money.
India plans to overhaul its housing inflation measurement, a significant change not seen in over a decade.
The reform includes collecting rent data monthly from both rural and urban areas, expanding current urban-only, bi-annual surveys.
Government and employer-provided accommodations will be excluded to focus on actual market rental transactions.
This change aims to provide a more accurate and representative picture of housing costs, which significantly influence overall inflation.
The revised methodology, set for implementation in February, could impact inflation figures and monetary policy decisions.
- Who
- India's Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI)
- What
- Planning a significant overhaul of the housing inflation component of the Consumer Price Index (CPI).
- When
- Public comments due by November 20, with finalization planned for February.
- Where
- Across India, including rural and urban areas.
- Why
- To create a more accurate, representative, and timely measure of housing costs and overall inflation, reflecting real-world rental dynamics and the impact of urbanization.
Current System
Proposed System
Data Collection Frequency and Scope
Current System
Rent data is collected from urban households only, twice a year.
Proposed System
Rent data will be collected monthly from both rural and urban areas, significantly expanding the scope.
Inclusion of Government/Employer Housing
Current System
Includes government and employer-provided accommodations, which use notional rent or HRA, distorting market trends.
Proposed System
Excludes government and employer-provided accommodations to focus on actual market transactions.
Representation of Housing Markets
Current System
Understates inflation by missing shifts in smaller towns and rural areas where costs are rising.
Proposed System
Aims to provide a more robust and representative measure of actual household housing costs across all areas.
- Implementing Ministry
- Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI)
- Key Change
- Overhaul of housing component in Consumer Price Index (CPI)
- Data Collection Frequency
- Monthly (proposed), up from bi-annually
- Geographic Scope
- Urban and rural areas (proposed), currently urban only
- Accommodation Types
- Excludes government/employer-provided housing (proposed)
- Public Comment Deadline
- November 20
- Planned Implementation
- February (as part of CPI base revision)