Archive · 4 Aug 2026
Supreme Court Expands Section 498A to Live‑In Relationships
The Supreme Court said that a woman who lives with a man in a relationship that looks like marriage can get the same protection as a married woman if she is being hurt.
The law, called Section 498A, used to protect only married women.
Now it also protects women in live‑in relationships if they plan to marry.
The court said this is fair because the law should protect people from cruelty, not just married couples.
The decision also says the woman must show that she and her partner intended to marry.
The court will still follow rules that protect people from being arrested too quickly.
This change helps many people who live together before marriage.
The law will also apply to a new law called Section 85 in the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita.
The court wants the law to keep up with how society changes.
Section 498A of the IPC now covers live‑in couples that are ‘in the nature of marriage’ with an intent to marry.
The ruling also applies to Section 85 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, giving the same protection under the new law.
The Supreme Court said denying protection based on marital status violates Article 14 of the Constitution.
The decision does not affect the Domestic Violence Act, which already protects live‑in relationships.
Women must prove the relationship is marriage‑like and that both partners intended to marry; safeguards against arbitrary arrest remain.
- Who
- Supreme Court of India, Justices Sanjay Karol and N Kotiswar Singh
- What
- Expanded Section 498A of the IPC to cover live‑in relationships resembling marriage with intent to marry
- When
- Monday, 2024
- Where
- New Delhi, India
- Why
- To provide equal protection against domestic cruelty regardless of marital status and uphold Article 14
- Section 498A
- Now applies to live‑in relationships with intent to marry
- Supreme Court
- Bench of Justices Sanjay Karol and N Kotiswar Singh
- Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita
- Section 85 extends same protection
- Article 14
- Constitutional guarantee of equality
- Domestic Violence Act
- Already covers live‑in relationships
Sources
Live-in partner now protected against domestic cruelty: What SC said
SC expands Section 498A IPC: Cruelty law against husbands now covers eligible live-in relationships
Supreme Court extends 498A cruelty law protection to ‘marriage-like’ live-in relationships
Supreme Court widens cruelty law ambit, brings live-in relationships under Section 498A
Anti-Cruelty Law For Married Women Applies To Those In Live-Ins: Supreme Court
Live-in partners can seek protection under Section 498A: SC