Archive · 6 Jan 2026
India's Economic Inequality and Savings Shift
In India, people are saving less in banks and more in stocks and mutual funds.
This is because bank savings don't give good returns after taxes, while stocks do better.
The government taxes bank savings more than stocks, which makes people prefer stocks.
But this shift is causing banks to have less money to lend, which could slow down the economy.
At the same time, the gap between rich and poor in India is growing.
The richest 1% own 40% of the wealth, while the poorest 50% own just 6%.
The government is also spending less on schools and hospitals, which makes things harder for the poor.
Experts say the government should help the poor and middle class more to fix these problems.
Household savings in India have remained flat at 24-25% of GDP, with a shift from bank deposits to market-linked instruments.
Bank deposits have fallen from 60% to 35% of household financial assets, while equities have risen to 15%.
The loan-to-deposit ratio in banks has reached 100%, constraining their ability to expand credit.
Unattractive returns on bank deposits due to low interest rates and high taxation are driving the shift to equities.
Equities enjoy favorable tax treatment, with long-term capital gains taxed at 12.5% and short-term gains at 20%.
- Who
- Indian households and economists
- What
- Shifting household savings from bank deposits to market-linked instruments and rising economic inequality
- When
- Recent years, with data up to 2023
- Where
- India
- Why
- Unattractive returns on bank deposits due to low interest rates and high taxation, coupled with favorable tax treatment and higher returns on equities
- Household Savings Ratio
- 24-25% of GDP
- Household Debt
- 41% of GDP (as of March 2023)
- Bank Deposits Share (2016-17)
- 60% of household financial assets
- Bank Deposits Share (2023)
- 35% of household financial assets
- Equities Share (2023)
- 15% of household financial assets
- Loan-to-Deposit Ratio
- 100%
- Bank Deposit Interest Rate (3-year)
- 6.3%
- Equity Tax Rate (Long-term)
- 12.5% (gains up to ₹1.25 lakh annually exempt)
- Equity Tax Rate (Short-term)
- 20%