India’s Border Roads Emerge as Key Instruments of Himalayan Deterrence

The article says roads near India’s borders are important for both soldiers and civilians.

Good roads help soldiers and supplies reach difficult places faster.

Tunnels and bridges can keep routes open when snow, fog or other problems block mountain passes.

Projects in Ladakh and Arunachal Pradesh are described as improving access near the China border.

The article says this can make India less vulnerable to pressure.

Border roads also help villages reach schools, hospitals, markets and emergency services.

However, roads can be damaged by landslides, avalanches, earthquakes and floods.

Because of this, India needs strong roads that can be repaired quickly and have backup routes.